PSA 9.6 — Slug Flow and Water Hammer: Momentum on the Move, and How to Stop Paying for It
A cooling-water header, 12″ STD, running at 2 m/s. A pump trips. Downstream the swing check valve slams shut, the column decelerates against a closed door, and the Joukowsky equation returns a number that stops the room:
ΔP = ρ·c·Δv = 1 000 × 1 000 × 2 = 2.0×10⁶ Pa = 20 bar F = ΔP·A_bore = 2.0e6 × 0.0730 = 146 000 N = 146 kN 146 kN. The 20 m of pipe between the two elbows either side of that run weighs 2 937 kg — about 29 kN. The surge force is five times the weight…
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