PSA 8.3 — Buried Piping: Soil Springs, Virtual Anchor Length and the Transition
A 12″ buried transfer line comes up out of the ground at a valve station, turns through a 90° elbow, runs 4 m to a motor-operated valve and turns again. The stress engineer models the above-ground spool and puts an anchor at the ground line — the buried pipe is held by the soil, so it cannot move. The spool passes everything comfortably.
Eighteen months later the weld at the first above-ground elbow is leaking, and a crack survey finds the second elbow cracked too. The buried line is intact along its whole length.
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