PSA 5.1 — Flexibility from Geometry: L-bends, Z-bends and the Quick Manual Checks
An 8″ STD carbon-steel line leaves a heater, runs 20 m east along a rack, turns north and runs 6 m to an anchor. Operating temperature 250 °C. Two anchors, one elbow, nothing else — the simplest hot system there is.
You do what a good engineer does before opening the software: you run the two hand checks. B31.3's quick criterion (¶319.4.1) comes out at 503 against a limit of 212 — off by a factor of 2.4. The guided-cantilever formula gives 213 MPa against an allowable S_A of 207 MPa. Both screens say no. The layout engineer is standing…
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