PSA 2.5 — Cold Spring, Self-Springing & Shakedown
First heat-up of a tight system: the worst point yields a little (secondary stress — the demand is a strain, so yielding satisfies it). Cool down: the pipe returns not to zero but to a residual stress of opposite sign . The window it now cycles in has shifted so that both ends of the cycle are elastic. The system has shaken down : one small plastic event, then purely elastic cycles forever.
That works only while the total range < about 2·Sy (the elastic range available between compressive and tensile yield). S_A = f(1.25Sc+0.25Sh) sits safely inside that limit…
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