←
Nozzle on a Shell — Local Flexibility STATIC EQUIPMENT · THE SHELL IS A SPRING · DRAG ROTATE · PINCH ZOOM
Vessel shell
Nozzle, flange,
      repad, wear plate
Welds (only)
Gasket · moment
Saddles, studs
Piers, grade
low local stress
peak local stress
D/T
Kshell